A NAT gateway is a Network Address Translation (NAT) service. You can use a NAT gateway so that instances in a private subnet can connect to services outside your VPC but external services cannot initiate a connection with those instances.
AWS offers two methods for granting EC2s in a Private subnet access to the Internet: NAT Instance and NAT Gateway. In most scenarios, it is advisable to opt for NAT Gateway over NAT Instance due to its enhanced availability, bandwidth, and reduced administrative overhead.
To set up a NAT gateway, you are required to specify a public subnet and an Elastic IP address. Ensure that the chosen Elastic IP address is not associated with any other instances or network interfaces.